CONJUNCTIVITIS

 

What is Conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis, also known as "pink eye," is the inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner eyelids. It causes redness, itching, swelling, and discharge in the eyes.

Causes of Conjunctivitis

1. Viral Infection (Most Common) – Caused by viruses like the adenovirus; highly contagious.
2. Bacterial Infection – Caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus; produces thick yellow or green discharge.
3. Allergic Reaction – Triggered by pollen, dust, pet dander, or chemicals; usually affects both eyes.
4. Irritants – Smoke, pollution, chlorine in swimming pools, or cosmetics can cause conjunctivitis.
5. Contact Lens Overuse – Dirty or extended-wear contact lenses can lead to irritation and infection.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

• Red or pink discoloration of the eye
• Watery or thick discharge (clear in viral, yellow/green in bacterial)
• Itching and irritation
• Swollen eyelids
• Blurred vision (in severe cases)
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

Types of Conjunctivitis

1. Viral Conjunctivitis (Most common & contagious)

   • Watery discharge, redness, and irritation
   • Usually spreads through coughing, sneezing, or touching infected surfaces
   • No specific treatment; heals on its own in 7–14 days

2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis

   • Thick yellow or green discharge that may cause eyelids to stick together
   • Requires antibiotic eye drops or ointments
   • Spreads through direct contact with infected hands, towels, or cosmetics

3. Allergic Conjunctivitis

   • Caused by allergens like pollen, dust, pet dander, or perfumes
   • Affects both eyes, with itching, tearing, and swollen eyelids
   • Treated with antihistamine eye drops and avoiding allergens

4. Chemical/Irritant Conjunctivitis

   • Caused by smoke, chlorine, chemicals, or pollution
   • Treated by flushing the eye with clean water and avoiding irritants

Treatment Options for Conjunctivitis

• Viral Conjunctivitis – No specific treatment; use cold compresses, artificial tears, and rest.
• Bacterial Conjunctivitis – Antibiotic eye drops or ointments prescribed by a doctor.
• Allergic Conjunctivitis – Antihistamine eye drops and avoiding allergens.
• Irritant Conjunctivitis – Rinse the eye with clean water or saline solution.

Prevention Tips for Conjunctivitis

✔ Wash hands frequently to prevent viral and bacterial spread.
✔ Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes.
✔ Do not share towels, eye drops, or makeup.
✔ Clean and replace contact lenses regularly.
✔ Wear protective eyewear when exposed to chemicals or dust.

When to See a Doctor?

🚨 Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Severe pain or swelling
• Vision problems or extreme sensitivity to light
• Persistent symptoms for more than 10 days
• Thick pus-like discharge or fever