MYOPIA

 

Introduction to Myopia

Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a refractive error in which distant objects appear blurry while close objects remain clear. It occurs when the eye's shape causes light rays to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. Myopia is one of the most common vision problems worldwide, affecting both children and adults.

Causes and Risk Factors of Myopia

1. Genetic Factors – Myopia often runs in families; if one or both parents are myopic, the likelihood of developing myopia increases.
2. Environmental Factors – Prolonged near-work activities, such as reading, using digital screens, and reduced outdoor activities, can contribute to myopia.
3. Eye Structure Abnormalities – An elongated eyeball or a steeply curved cornea can cause light to focus incorrectly, leading to myopia.
4. Lack of Sunlight Exposure – Studies suggest that insufficient exposure to natural light may be linked to myopia development in children.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Myopia

Symptoms:

• Blurred vision when looking at distant objects
• Frequent squinting to see clearly
• Headaches due to eye strain
• Difficulty seeing while driving, especially at night (night myopia)

Diagnosis:

• Visual Acuity Test – Measures how well a person can see at different distances.
• Retinoscopy & Refraction Test – Determines the degree of refractive error.
• Slit Lamp Examination – Evaluates the overall health of the eye.

Treatment Options for Myopia

1. Eyeglasses – The simplest and most common way to correct myopia.
2. Contact Lenses – Provides a wider field of vision compared to glasses.
3. Refractive Surgery (LASIK, PRK, SMILE) – Surgical options to reshape the cornea for long-term vision correction.
4. Implantable Collamer Lenses (ICL) – Used in cases where LASIK is not suitable.

Myopia Management Strategies

1. Lifestyle Modifications – Encouraging outdoor activities to slow progression.
2. Regular Vision Check-ups – Monitoring changes in eyesight, especially in children.
3. Proper Lighting & Ergonomics – Ensuring good reading habits to reduce eye strain.

Myopia Control Techniques

1. Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) – Special rigid contact lenses worn overnight to reshape the cornea temporarily.
2. Atropine Eye Drops – Low-dose atropine can slow down myopia progression.
3. Multifocal Glasses or Contact Lenses – These lenses help in slowing myopia progression in children.

Importance of Regular Eye Examinations

Regular eye check-ups are essential for early detection and management of myopia and other eye conditions. Routine exams help in tracking changes in vision, preventing complications, and ensuring optimal eye health. Children, in particular, should have frequent eye exams to detect myopia early and prevent progression.