What is Cataracts?
A cataract is the clouding of the natural lens of the eye, leading to blurry vision, sensitivity to light, and difficulty seeing clearly. It develops gradually and is one of the leading causes of vision loss, especially in older adults. Cataracts can affect one or both eyes and may worsen over time if left untreated.
Causes of Cataracts
- Aging – The most common cause; proteins in the eye’s lens break down over time, causing clouding.
- Genetics – Family history of cataracts increases the risk.
- Diabetes – High blood sugar can damage the eye’s lens, leading to cataracts.
- UV Radiation – Excessive exposure to sunlight without eye protection can speed up cataract formation.
- Smoking & Alcohol Consumption – Increases the risk of early cataract development.
- Eye Injury or Surgery – Trauma to the eye or previous surgeries can lead to cataracts.
- Long-Term Steroid Use – Prolonged use of corticosteroids can contribute to cataract formation.
Symptoms of Cataracts
- Blurred or cloudy vision
- Sensitivity to bright lights and glare
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Fading or yellowing of colors
- Seeing halos around lights
- Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription
- Double vision in one eye
Diagnosis of Cataracts
An eye doctor can diagnose cataracts through:
- Visual Acuity Test – Checks how well you can see at different distances.
- Slit Lamp Examination – Magnifies the eye’s structures to detect lens clouding.
- Retinal Exam – Uses dilation drops to examine the back of the eye.
Treatment Options for Cataracts
- Early-Stage Management – If symptoms are mild, stronger eyeglasses, anti-glare lenses, or better lighting can help.
- Cataract Surgery – The only effective treatment for advanced cataracts. The cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
Types of Cataract Surgery
- Phacoemulsification (Phaco Surgery) – The most common technique, using ultrasound waves to break up the cloudy lens before replacing it.
- Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) – Used for advanced cataracts; the lens is removed in one piece.
- Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery – Uses advanced laser technology for precision and faster recovery.
Importance of Regular Eye Examinations
Routine eye check-ups help detect cataracts early, allowing timely intervention and vision preservation. Early treatment can prevent complications like complete vision loss or blindness.
